SPDF Orbital Models
All 118 Elements
Master SPDF electron configurations for every element. Visualize subshell filling order, the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle with interactive orbital diagrams. Free for students, teachers, and researchers.
What Is the SPDF Model?
The SPDF model (quantum mechanical model) describes electrons not as orbiting in fixed paths, but as occupying probability regions called orbitals. Each orbital belongs to a subshell (s, p, d, or f), and subshells are grouped into principal energy levels (n = 1, 2, 3…). This model accurately predicts chemical bonding, reactivity, and the spectral lines of all elements.
| Subshell | Shape | Orbitals | Max e⁻ | Block |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| s | Spherical | 1 | 2 | s-block (Groups 1–2) |
| p | Dumbbell | 3 | 6 | p-block (Groups 13–18) |
| d | 4-lobed | 5 | 10 | d-block (Transition metals) |
| f | Complex multi-lobe | 7 | 14 | f-block (Lanthanides/Actinides) |
Aufbau Orbital Filling Order
Most Searched SPDF Configurations
Click any element to explore its full interactive SPDF orbital diagram
All 118 Elements — SPDF Configurations
Complete periodic table. Each element links to its interactive SPDF orbital diagram.